Comparison Of Benjamin Franklin and Frederick Douglass...

Comparison Of Benjamin Franklin and Frederick Douglass America, a land with shimmering soil where golden dust flew and a days rain of money could last you through eternity. Come, You Will make it in America. That was the common theme of those who would remove to America. It is the common hymn, the classic American rags-to-riches myth, and writers such as Benjamin Franklin and Frederick Douglass had successfully embraced it in their works.Franklin and Douglass are two writers who have quite symmetrical styles and imitative chronology of events in their life narratives. They both approached their story with a rags-to-riches idea. In addition, we must realize that both Franklin and Douglass are powerful writers. In that sense, I†¦show more content†¦By this I mean that he gained improvements in areas such as literacy when he was belonged to Mr. Auld, he gained new friends when he resided with the Hughs, and most important,, he gained consciousness and courage while he was lent to a slave breaker, Mr. Covey. Little by little as Douglass gained in these assets which eventually became his tool for his departure from slavery.Another similarity between these two narrations is the assimilation of a created character by the authors themselves. The chronology and the events that happened in the lives of the authors in their narrations remained questionable. They picked the events that would only exemplify the characters that they want to portray. Thus, even though both works are autobiographical, their roles they claimed to be in their narration are exaggerated. Remember that they want to set themselves up as poor, down beaten characters at the beginning and slowly rise to power and success. For example, Franklin used descriptions such as I was dirty from my journey; my pockets were stuffd out with shirts and stockings... with a roll under each arm, and eating the other, to really give reader a sense of his conditions when he ran away. Douglass used the same approach to stress his poor conditions. The use of comparison of his slave status with farm animals and greatShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream1921 Words   |  8 Pagesexpress the necessity of change to elicit progress. He cautions that not all change is progressive, however, progress can be defined by the change it elicits. This essay analyzes and compares these components of Benjamin Franklin’s pursuit of his American dream to those of Frederick Douglass, and aims to examine how race and social circumstance factor into their struggles for both personal and natio nal liberty, and work to define their American identity. In 18th century Europe, the status you wereRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesspecialize in one or the other of what have been viewed as very different wars, Morrow not only compares the two conflicts in detail, but also approaches each war and its linkages from a thoroughly global perspective. This combination of rigorous comparison and breadth allows him to repeatedly challenge longestablished myths, provide alternatives to narrowly conceived interpretations, and offer quite an original take on the most extensively covered conflicts in human history and the decades of unprecedented

Oil Shortages And Its Effects - 1464 Words

Oil Shortages and its Effects Oil is considered as one of the most important chemical substances on earth that have greatly affected our lives. For the past years, countries have been using oil extensively since it has a lot of benefits and many uses. Oil has been used a lot in the past years, whether people were using it for personal uses such as for their cars or transportation companies using it for the sake of their vehicles. There are two types of oil conventional oil and synthetic oil, each type has its different uses. Conventional oil is a mixture of mainly pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons that are extracted from an underground reservoir and liquid at atmospheric pressure and temperature, this allows the oil to flow through a pipeline without processing. Conventional oil can be used for many things, but one of the most important uses is for a vehicle. Synthetic oil is a lubricant made up from chemical compounds which are artificial. Synthetic oil is also used for vehicles. F or the past years countries have been using conventional oil extensively and soon the world will have supply shortages of oil which will have many negative effects on our lives. Some of the effects include increased debt defaults, rising interest rates, rising unemployment, disruption of exporting oil, more recession to happen, and drop in market value of bonds. Conventional oil has been used a lot in the past decades and for many reasons, unfortunately the world is running out of conventionalShow MoreRelatedWater Pollution and Water Scarcity Essay1309 Words   |  6 Pages Water is essential for humans and organisms to live â€Å"Drinking water, â€Å"2008). Water covers most of the world and makes up more of the world than land. Water comes from different sources. Water may surround us but there are still shortages. Water allows us to live but it could be harmful to our bodies when polluted. 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In 1859 Colonel Drake stuck oil for the first time and became the first manRead MoreMarket Equilibration Process Paper635 Words   |  3 PagesMarket Equilibration Process Paper Market equilibrium is the point in which industry offers goods at the price consumers will consume without creating a shortage or a surplus of goods. Shortages drive up the cost of goods while surpluses drive the cost of goods down, finding the balance in the process is market equilibrium. The concept is derived from combining equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity to yield the equilibrium of a specific market. Changes in the determinants of demand

Ece Human Developemnt Across Lifespan Free Essays

Discuss how knowledge of theories of human development across the lifespan relates to ECE practice. 2. 1 Theories of human development across the life span are explained in terms of their relevance to New Zealand early childhood education today. We will write a custom essay sample on Ece Human Developemnt Across Lifespan or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. 2 Theories of human development across the lifespan are explained in terms of understanding of adults and children and informing and influencing ECE practice. 2. 3 Theories on human development across the lifespan are explained in terms of how they inform and influence own practice in an ECE service. Lev Vygotsky Vygotsky’s theory is the idea of Zones of Proximal Development (ZPD) â€Å"the distance between the actual development level an individual has achieved (his or her independent level of problem solving) and the level of potential development he or she could achieve with adult guidance or through collaboration with other children. † (Bredekamp, 117) In New Zealand early childhood education, they believe that the understanding of a child’s ZPD is important because it allows teachers and caregivers to scaffold appropriately in order to help children reach their full potential. Self-regulation and private speech are also important aspects of Vygotsky’s theory. He theorized that children need to master these skills in order to be successful. If children are able to master these skills, they will be able to demonstrate self-discipline and improve their executive function. The educator is a co-constructor of knowledge with the child. Instead of lecturing or direct instructions, the educator allows and guides the child to come to his or her own understanding of the material. An educator in the early childhood ecntre will aid and support the child in their own discovery and initiative through a concept called, the zone of proximal development (ZPD). The ZPD allows a child to tackle a problem that is sufficiently novel to attract and maintain a child’s attention, yet not so difficult that the solution cannot be perceived (Edwards, 2005). To expand this concept to the centre, the teacher will ‘set up’ activities for children that are just beyond the children abilities and then guide and support the children to come to a solution themselves with minimal help from the educator. Howard Gardner Howard Gardner developed the theory postulates that there are seven or more intelligences that each individual is born with and is needed to live life well (Smith, 2002, 2008). As people develop new knowledge, often these intelligences complement each other (Hatch, Gardner, 1989). In New Zealand early childhood education they believe that in Gardner’s Multi Intelligence theory, the learner is seen as an active participant in their own learning. When new knowledge is presented to the chid, the child will utilize different intelligences in order to synthesize and analyse the new information. The theory of MI properly accounts for the fact that children learn in different ways and use different cognitive capabilities to construct knowledge. It also emphasizes the importance of using a diverse curriculum in the centre that utilizes different subject areas such as music, fine arts and physical activities. For example, if a teacher extends children’s learning, he or she can show some pictures, use real things, sing a song, each method of learning in this case will appeal to the learning styles of different children. In MI theory, the adults can take a broader view of learning to include all intelligences and consequently plan and deliver activities that will allow children to learn through intelligence that they are strongest in. Taking this approach to learning, adults are able to give their children extended opportunities to construct new knowledge that makes most sense to them and can therefore be readily applied to situations. Erik Erikson Erikson developed the view that each person experiences a set of â€Å"conflicts† that need to be resolved during each of the eight stages of development, the first three stages spanning early childhood. These conflicts arise from demands made on a child by his parents of by society in general. As each conflict is resolved, the individual becomes ready to grapple with the next stage. When conflicts are unresolved, they remain issues for the individual to struggle with later in life. In New Zealand early childhood education they used Erikson’ theory as a based on theories and practices in Ece setting. For example the first three stages of psychosocial development. Stage 1: Trust versus mistrust (birth to 1 year of age). During this time, the infant struggles to develop trust in the world. Erikson felt that children learn to trust when educators and parents are nurturing, responsive and reliable. Stage 2: Autonomy versus shame and doubt (18 months to 3 years). This stage is characterized by the child’s increasing desire to discover. Educators and parents help children by understanding the child’s needs for both independence and dependence. Erikson believed that, if this fails to occur, a child will experience feelings of shame and doubt. So there, this is the stage where you teach independence, not at birth. Stage 3: Initiative versus guilt (3 to 6 years old). At this time, the child is eager to master new skills, use language to ask questions, and interact with other peers. At the same time, the child still relies on the comfort and security provided by educators and parents. If a child’s developing sense of initiative is neglected or ignored, Erikson stressed that the child’s misguided energy could result in verbal or physical aggression. Teachers who apply psychosocial development in the classroom create an environment where each child feels appreciated and is comfortable with learning new things and building relationships with peers without fear† (Tamara , 2010, para. 1). In New Zealand Early Childhood education one of their goals is from Te Whariki curriculum Strand 2 that they implement in the every centre, the belonging where children experience an environment where they know they have a pl ace and feel comfortable with the routines, custom, and regular events. Educator encourage initiative in young children, they believe that children should be given a great deal freedom to explore their world. They should be allowed to choose some of the activities they engage. If their request for doing certain activities is reasonable, the request should be honoured and they provide exciting materials that will stimulate and extend their imagination. How to cite Ece Human Developemnt Across Lifespan, Papers

Case study-Gianna Replacement Surgery

Question: Discuss about the Case study for Gianna of Replacement Surgery . Answer: 1: Gianna was suffering from osteoporosis and had to undergo total hip replacement surgery due to fracture of the hip. The hip is the largest weight-bearing ball and socket type joint present at the juncture of leg and pelvis. The ligament attached to the joint is lubricated by synovial fluid and provides stability to the joint. Synovial fluid allows flexing of joints without getting weared away and allows movement without pain. The problem in the hip may be caused by osteoporosis, fracture, dislocation, bursitis and bone tumor. The regulation of pro-inflammatory pathway and the homeostatic mechanism fails in patient with severe osteolysis (Gallo et al., 2013). Osteoporosis is a medical condition in which the density and quality of bone are reduced. Bone becomes porous, brittle and fragile due to loss of tissue due to hormonal change or deficiency of Vitamin D. The primary reasons for which a person develops osteoporosis includes high rate of bone loss at the time of achieving peak bone mass and poor acquisition of bone mass during maturity. This mechanism may be influenced by environmental and genetic factors (Armas Recker, 2012). 50% of bone mass accumulates during pubertal development, and other additional accumulation takes place in the adult maturity period. As peak bone mass is achieved during the maturity period of life, some may have a problem in accumulation due to genetic factors. The genes responsible for osteoporosis are genes for estrogen receptor, transforming growth factor , collagen and apolipoprotein E (Ralston de Crombrugghe, 2006). Bone loss is also triggered by environmental factors like nutrition, behavior, and medica tions. Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption and facilitates development of bone mineral. A person who has taken low dose of calcium in childhood is vulnerable to fracture in later part of his/her life. Behavioral activities like smoking and alcohol consumption also accelerated bone loss and have an effect on peak bone mass development (Drake et al., 2015). Fractured joints can be treated by hip replacement surgery or hip arthroplasty. The type of surgery depends on the patients age, level of physical mobility, location of fracture, mental strength and condition of hip and joint. Internal fixation is done by using devices like rods, plates, screws and pins to hold the bone in place. This treatment is given when fractures occur in the extracapsular or intracapsular region of hip joint (Mller et al., 2012).Hemiarthroplasty is suggested in older patients who have already lost their mobility prior to fracture and when fractures occur inside the socket of the hip joint (Olsen et al., 2014). Total hip replacement surgery is also a treatment procedure required in those patients whose hip joint has been damaged by osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this treatment is to relieve pain, improve the function of hip and increase mobility. Total hip replacement surgery involves replacing acetabulum with an artificial prosthesis an d replacing the proximal femur with the artificial stem to enhance mobility in patients (Ellman Levine, 2013). 2: According to the case study Gianna Rossi was a seventy nine years old lady who have undergone a total hip replacement or arthroplasty since x-ray has revealed a fracture on her left leg which resulted from osteoporosis. Post her surgery she was shifted to the post anesthetic recovery room (PARU). At this stage she was almost unconscious and on wakening up she was under tremendous pain. The surgery and the anesthesia have effected three physiological functions of Gianna. First of all the ventilation was affected due o her anesthesia followed by her surgery. Her signs reflect that her respiration was 10 and the oxygen saturation was 93%. Most often general anesthetics modifies the rate of breathing in individual. According to Roz et al. (2015), opioid as an anesthetic has impact on the control of respiration rate. In terms of Gianna, the use of opioid as an anesthetic lowered the respiration in her. The use of Morphine due to her pain aced as a pain suppressor through the process of respiratory depression. Before the discharge from the Post anaesthetic recovery room (PARU) her signs reflected her pulse as 110, temperature as 36 degree centigrade and blood pressure as 95 / 50. Moreover, her blood loss during her surgery was estimated as 1700mls. The effect of opioid and anesthetic during surgery has many affects on the circulation process as well. The use of opioid or anesthetic makes the heart rate either fast or slow. In this case Giannas pulse rate increased above the normal value, that is 110 after the surgery. As stated by Brennan (2013), Morphine which is an opioid was used to relief her pain due to operation might cause fluctuations in her heart rate. Moreover, due to the blood loss during the surgery the blood pressure of the patient resulted in lowering of the blood pressure. In case of Gianna the blood pressure accounted to 95 /50. Use of opioid may develop postural hypotension or severe fall of the pressure on lying position or sitting up. At first Gianna was administered for two hours, she was given oxygen for 6L per minute with the help of Hudson mask. The main features shown by her at that time are: the temperature of her body was thirty six degree centigrade, her pulse rate was 110, blood pressure 95 / 50 , respiration was 10 and oxygen saturation of her body was 93%. A foam abduction pillow was provided to her between her legs. When she woke up she was not in her full consciousness. But she was still complaining about the pain. In order to relief her from the pain she was administered with 5 mg of Morphine which was beneficial to her. Due to the consumption of Morphine she slept for some more time. After Morphine was monitored to Gianna she was transferred to the orthopedic ward. According to Whitehead et al. (2015), the main use of any anaesthetic is to depress the central nervous system. In case of Gianna, the hip replacement surgery required generalized anaesthesia which ultimately made her unconscious complete by affection the sense organs. Addition to this the use of Morphine after Gianna got back her consciousness, lead to dizziness and hallucination. This made her feel sleep again. Opioids have multiple inhibitory affects in terms of the cerebral activity. Opioids are usually believed to augment sleep but there is little evidence to support this belief. In case of Gianna use of anaesthic, loss of blood during surgery and use of Morphine has resulted in abnormalities with regards to ventilation, circulation and consciousness. The result of vital sign assessment showed that it is the affect of the surgery and anesthetic drug on patient (Whitehead et al., 2015). 3: Gianna has undergone hip replacement surgery following fracture of her left hip. After hip replacement surgery she was shifted to the PARU. At that time Gianna was sleepy and difficult to arouse. A redivac drain and indwelling urinary catheter were fixed to the patient in situ. At that point, her pulse rate was a little high and blood pressure was extremely low. She had acute pain then. After transfer to the orthopedic ward, she was eating well, but she required assistance with her daily activities (ADLs). The patient was worried about her loss of independence post the surgery. Currently, she is mobilizing using a four-wheeled walker, and her pain is managed by medications like Paracetamol and Tramadol. The discharge plan of the patient is based on her current condition of pain and morbidity present post surgery. The discharge plan for Gianna are as follows: Gianna needs to put the dry dressing on hip incision once or twice a day. It will help to clean the drainage that occurs from wound. If the drainage continues even after dressing, Gianna must immediately pay a follow up visit. Till the dry dressing is in place, Gianna cannot apply ointment in the incision area for about 6-7 weeks (Choi et al., 2016). Make sure that the stitches are in place and patient should get it removed by medical staff after two weeks of discharge (Garson et al., 2014). Support or wheelchair is necessary for Gianna for six weeks after discharge even if she can mobilize. This will minimize the risk of falling and allow the bone to grow into replaced components of the hip (Choi et al., 2016). It is necessary for Gianna to put a pillow between her leg while sleeping for the first six weeks. It would be better if Gianna sleeps on her right side as she had undergone hip replacement surgery on her left side (Garson et al., 2014). While taking shower Gianna must pat dry the surgery wounds after bath and avoid soaking it in bath tub for one-two months. Gianna should also not take bath during for 4 days after discharge (Garson et al., 2014). To manage her medication, Tramadol and Paracetamol medication has been prescribed to Gianna. It will help manage her pain. However, Vazzana et al., (2015) suggest avoiding this medicine if Gianna suffers from breathing problems or if she uses narcotic drugs. It has been found that there maximum chance of seizure due to this medication in those patients who has epilepsy disorder or those who takes medicine for migraine, muscle spasm, and depression. Gianna might also suffer breathing problems, so she must discontinue this medication in she faced this kind of difficulty. Gianna is advised not to drive and wear compression stockings to prevent the blood clot. It is also necessary for Gianna to consult a physiotherapist and attend his sessions to learn to manage daily life activities independently at home. Physical therapy Controlled exercise and physical therapy will be beneficial to strengthen hip muscles and prevent contractures. This session will also help Gianna to learn management of activities post surgery (Westby et al., 2014). Reference Armas, L. A., Recker, R. R. (2012). Pathophysiology of osteoporosis: new mechanistic insights.Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America,41(3), 475-486. Brennan, M. J. (2013). The effect of opioid therapy on endocrine function.The American journal of medicine,126(3), S12-S18. Choi, J., Jacelon, C. S., Kalmakis, K. A. (2016). Webà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based, Pictographà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ formatted Discharge Instructions for Lowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ literacy Older Adult after Hipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ replacement Surgery: Findings of Endà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ user Evaluation of the Website.Rehabilitation Nursing. Drake, M. T., Clarke, B. L., Lewiecki, E. M. (2015). The pathophysiology and treatment of osteoporosis.Clinical therapeutics,37(8), 1837-1850. Ellman, M. B., Levine, B. R. (2013). Fracture of the modular femoral neck component in total hip arthroplasty.The Journal of arthroplasty,28(1), 196-e1. Gallo, J., Goodman, S. B., Konttinen, Y. T., Raska, M. (2013). Particle disease: biologic mechanisms of periprosthetic osteolysis in total hip arthroplasty.Innate immunity,19(2), 213-224. Garson, L., Schwarzkopf, R., Vakharia, S., Alexander, B., Stead, S., Cannesson, M., Kain, Z. (2014). Implementation of a total joint replacement-focused perioperative surgical home: a management case report.Anesthesia Analgesia,118(5), 1081-1089. Mller, M. E., Bandi, W., Bloch, H. R., Allgwer, M., Willenegger, H., Mumenthaler, A., ... Weber, B. G. (2012).Technique of internal fixation of fractures. Springer Science Business Media. Olsen, F., Kotyra, M., Houltz, E., Ricksten, S. E. (2014). Bone cement implantation syndrome in cemented hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture: incidence, risk factors, and effect on outcome.British journal of anaesthesia,113(5), 800-806. Ralston, S. H., de Crombrugghe, B. (2006). Genetic regulation of bone mass and susceptibility to osteoporosis.Genes development,20(18), 2492-2506. Roz, H., Germain, A., Perrier, V., Dewitte, A., Joannes-Boyau, O., Fleureau, C., Ouattara, A. (2015). Effect of flumazenil on diaphragm electrical activation during weaning from mechanical ventilation after acute respiratory distress syndrome.British journal of anaesthesia,114(2), 269-275. Vazzana, M., Andreani, T., Fangueiro, J., Faggio, C., Silva, C., Santini, A., ... Souto, E. B. (2015). Tramadol hydrochloride: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse side effects, co-administration of drugs and new drug delivery systems.Biomedicine Pharmacotherapy,70, 234-238. Westby, M. D., Brittain, A., Backman, C. L. (2014). Expert consensus on best practices for postacute rehabilitation after total hip and knee arthroplasty: a Canada and United States Delphi study.Arthritis care research,66(3), 411-423. Whitehead, R. A., Schwarz, S. K., Asiri, Y. I., Fung, T., Puil, E., MacLeod, B. A. (2015). The efficacy and safety of the novel peripheral analgesic isovaline as an adjuvant to propofol for general anesthesia and conscious sedation: a proof-of-principle study in mice.Anesthesia Analgesia,121(6), 1481-1487